g, enjoyment and social participation.

AIM:

To evaluate the effects of complementary physical therapies on motor performance, quality of life and falls in people living with PD.

DESIGN:

Systematic review with meta-analysis.

POPULATION:

Outpatients--adults diagnosed with idiopathic PD, male or female, modified Hoehn and Yahr scale I-IV, any duration of PD, any duration of physical treatment or exercise.

METHODS:

Randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials and case series studies were identified by systematic searching of health and rehabilitation electronic databases. A standardized form was used to extract key data from studies by two independent researchers.

RESULTS:

1210 participants from 20 randomized controlled trials, two non-randomized controlled trials and 13 case series studies were included. Most studies had moderately strong methodological quality. Dancing, water exercises and robotic gait training were an effective adjunct to medical management for some people living with PD. Virtual reality training, mental practice, aerobic training, boxing and Nordic walking training had a small amount of evidence supporting their use in PD.

CONCLUSION:

On balance, alternative physical therapies are worthy of consideration when selecting treatment options for people with this common chronic disease.

CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT:

Complementary physical therapies such as dancing, hydrotherapy and robotic gait training appear to afford therapeutic benefits, increasing mobility and quality of life, in some people living with PD.